In IoT systems, sensors play a crucial role by collecting data from the environment. These sensors measure various parameters like temperature, humidity, pressure, or motion. To communicate this data, sensors use different protocols and wireless technologies depending on the application and system requirements.

One common method is through short-range communication technologies like Bluetooth, Zigbee, or Wi-Fi. These protocols allow sensors to send data to a central hub or gateway, which then processes and transmits it to the cloud for further analysis. For longer-range communication, technologies like LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network) or cellular networks (e.g., 4G, 5G) are used. These enable sensors to send data over long distances while minimizing power consumption, which is essential for battery-operated devices.

Protocols like MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) or CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) are often used for efficient and lightweight communication in constrained IoT devices, ensuring that data is transmitted reliably across networks.

Understanding how sensors communicate in IoT systems is vital for designing effective solutions. If you're aiming to advance your career in this field, an IoT professional certification can provide the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in designing and managing IoT networks.