Embedded systems consist of several key components that work together to perform specific tasks efficiently. These include:

Microcontroller or Microprocessor: The brain of the system, responsible for executing programmed instructions. Microcontrollers integrate CPU, memory, and peripherals into one chip, while microprocessors rely on external components.

Memory: Divided into ROM and RAM, it stores the program code and runtime data. ROM retains data permanently, while RAM is used for temporary storage during operation.

Power Supply: Provides stable and regulated power to the components, ensuring reliable operation.

Sensors and Actuators: Sensors gather input from the environment, such as temperature or pressure. Actuators convert processed data into physical actions, like turning a motor or triggering an alarm.

Communication Interfaces: Allow the system to communicate with other devices or systems, such as UART, SPI, I2C, or wireless protocols like BLE.

Software: Embedded systems rely on firmware or real-time operating systems (RTOS) to control hardware and manage tasks effectively.

These components are optimized for specific functions, ensuring low power consumption and high reliability. To excel in this field, consider enrolling in an embedded system certification course to gain in-depth knowledge and hands-on experience.