Real-time embedded systems are specialized computing systems designed to perform specific tasks within a strict time constraint. These systems are embedded as part of a larger device or system and are crucial in applications where timing is critical. Examples include automotive control systems, medical devices, industrial automation, and aerospace systems.

The primary characteristic of a real-time embedded system is its ability to process data and provide responses within a predefined time frame, known as the deadline. These systems are categorized into two types: hard real-time and soft real-time. Hard real-time systems must meet deadlines without fail, as missing a deadline could result in catastrophic consequences, such as in pacemakers or anti-lock braking systems. Soft real-time systems, on the other hand, can tolerate occasional deadline misses with minimal impact, such as in video streaming or online gaming.

Real-time embedded systems are typically designed with a combination of specialized hardware and software. The hardware often includes microcontrollers or microprocessors optimized for specific tasks, while the software consists of real-time operating systems (RTOS) and application-specific code. These systems require careful design and testing to ensure they meet their timing requirements and function reliably under various conditions.

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