Interrupts are critical in embedded systems because they allow the processor to respond immediately to external events, ensuring real-time performance. In an embedded system, the processor typically runs in a loop, executing tasks in a predefined sequence. However, some events, like sensor inputs, communication signals, or hardware malfunctions, can occur unexpectedly. Without interrupts, the system would have to continuously poll devices to check for events, which is inefficient and can lead to delays.

Interrupts enable the processor to halt its current task and execute a specific piece of code, known as an interrupt service routine (ISR), to handle the event. Once the ISR is completed, the processor resumes its normal operation from where it left off. This ability ensures that critical tasks, like handling sensor data or communication protocols, are addressed promptly without disrupting the overall system performance.

Furthermore, interrupts are essential for power management in embedded systems. When the system is idle, it can enter a low-power state, and interrupts can wake it up only when necessary, reducing energy consumption.

For anyone looking to delve deeper into such key concepts, pursuing an embedded programming certification can provide a strong foundation and advanced understanding of embedded systems development.